Need more clarity about the java vs windows versions of minecraft.

I havent played minecraft in several years, since before it was taken over by microsoft.  I decided to give it a try again, so went to repurchase the game. the explainations on the website of the differences between java and win10 versions seemed to make it clear that the win10 version was suppose to be the superior one since it included all the cross platforms, so i chose this one.  Only to find that most shaders and mods are not compatible with this version of the game.  and that basic things like the debug key does not work on this version.  I'm disappointed in the lack of clarity supplied.